NCERT Solutions
Class 10 Social Science
Power-sharing

Q.1
What are the different forms of power sharing in modern democracies? Give an example of each of these?
Horizontal distribution of power: Different branches of the government, such as the legislative, executive, and judicial branches, each have a portion of the authority in the state. Take, for instance, the division of power in India between the Indian parliament, the Council of Ministers (which is led by the Chief Minister), and the Indian Courts.
Vertical distribution of power: The authority is shared between the national government and the governments of the many provinces and regions. The national government is responsible for overseeing all aspects of the country.
As an illustration, the Central government, state governments, and municipal governments all hold equal amounts of authority in India.
Distribution of power among different social groups: It's also possible for distinct social groupings, such religious and linguistic communities, to share power between themselves. Take for instance the community administration in Belgium.
Distribution of power among political parties, pressure groups and movements: The people who are in power are either controlled by political parties, pressure organisations, or movements, or they are influenced by them.
Having many political parties vying for power in elections guarantees that authority does not remain concentrated in the hands of a single group; rather, it is dispersed among various political parties, each of which represents a distinct set of values and demographics. There is an impact from different pressure groups and movements on that decision making process.