NCERT solution Class 12 general principles and processes of isolation of elements

NCERT Solutions

Class 12 Chemistry

General Principles and Processes of Isolation of Elements

NCERT Questions

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Q.26

Outline the principles of refining of metals by the following methods:

(i) Zone refining

(ii) Electrolytic refining

(iii) Vapour phase refining?

(i) Zone refining: Zone refining is based on the principle that impurities

are more soluble in the melt than in the solid state of the metal. The

impure metal bar is heated with the help of circular coils fitted

around this bar and slowly moved longitudinally from one end to

another of impure metal. At the heated zone the bar melts and as the

heater mover on pure metal crystallizes while the impurities pass into

the adjacent molten portion. In this way the impurities are swept

from one end of the bar to another. As the molten bar is removed

from the heating coil, it cools Pure metal crystallizes out, leaving the

impurities in the molten metal portion. When the molten metal

portion carrying impurities with increased concentration reaches the

end of the rod, it is allowed to cool and is cut off. The process is

repeated several times to get pure metal of 99.99% purity.

(ii) Electrolytic refining: Electrolytic refining is the process of refining

impure metals by using electricity. In this process, impure metal is

made the anode and a strip of pure metal is made the cathode. A

solution of a soluble salt of the same metal is taken as the

electrolyte. When an electric current is passed, metal ions from the

electrolyte are deposited at the cathode as pure metal and the

impure metal from the anode dissolves into the electrolyte in the

form of ions. The impurities present in the impure metal gets

collected below the anode. This is known as anode mud (or sludge).

(iii) Vapour phase refining: Vapour phase refining is the process of

refining metal by converting it into its volatile compound and then,

decomposing it to obtain a pure metal. To carry out this process, (i)

the metal should form a volatile compound with an avai lable reagent,

and (ii) the volatile compound should be easily decomposable so that

the metal can be easily recovered. Nickel, zirconium, and titanium are

refined using this method.

General Principles and Processes of Isolation of Elements Class 12 Chemistry NCERT Chapter NCERT Solutions

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